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Meir Tobianski ((ヘブライ語:מאיר טוביאנסקי)) also Tubianski (20 May 1904, Kovno – 30 June 1948) was an officer in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) who was executed as a traitor on circumstantial evidence on the orders of Isser Be'eri, the first director of the IDF's intelligence branch. A year after the execution, Tobianski was exonerated of all charges. Tobianski was a major in the British army during the Second World War, then a captain in the Haganah, and was later sworn into the IDF on 28 June 1948, during the Israeli War of Independence.〔Shabtai Teveth (1996), ''Ben Gurion's Spy'', Columbia University Press ISBN 0-231-10464-2 p. 17〕 He was also the former commander of Camp Schneller, a military base in Jerusalem. In June 1948 Tobianski had been transferred to command of Jerusalem airstrips.〔Nachman Ben-Yehuda (1992), ''Political Assassinations by Jews: A Rhetorical Device for Justice'', ISBN 0-7914-1165-6 pp. 263–264.〕 He was an employee of the British-run Jerusalem Electric Corporation. Suspected of passing information on targets for Jordanian artillery, he was taken into custody and sentenced to death by firing squad in a drumhead court-martial. == Background == Even prior to the 1948 war the Haganah had a policy of executing spies and collaborators. In the summer 1947 Moshe Kelman commanded a Haganah squad which executed a Jew accused of collaborating with the British. The execution took place at Kibbutz Dafna.〔Kurzman, Don (1970) ''Genesis 1948. The First Arab-Israeli War.'' An Nal Book, New York. Library of Congress number 77-96925. pp.479,480〕〔(Confirmed? .pp.215-216 )〕 During the siege of Jerusalem, the reports and fears of spies abounded. Lehi alone had executed 4 "spies" in Jerusalem including Vera Ducas, a 36-year-old female Austrian Jew who was shot on 29 March.〔Eric Dowton, The Scotsman, 29 March 1948〕 In June, there was a report that "nine Jewish girls are being held by the () Army under suspicion of contacts with the enemy."〔Levin, Harry. "Jerusalem Embattled. A diary of the city under siege." Cassel, 1997. ISBN 0-304-33765-X. Page 230. Entry 5 June 1948. One rumoured to be Abdul Kader Husseini's lover.〕 The apparent accuracy of Jordanian shelling of strategic targets led to suspicions that a spy was responsible. Those suspicions were focused on the Jerusalem Electric Corporation. On 8 July 1948, the Irgun kidnapped five British officials of the Jerusalem Electric Corporation.〔The Scotsman, 8,9 July 1948.〕 One of the men was Michael Bryant, to whom Tobianski had been accused of passing information. A month later, they were transferred to the Israeli authorities and on 12 August brought to trial. Three, including Bryant, were released due to lack of evidence.〔The Scotsman, 12 August 1948〕 The remaining two men, George Hawkins and Fredrick Sylvester, faced a second trial on 16 September. Hawkins, who was charged with passing information to the Arabs, was released on 30 September. Sylvester, who was married to an Israeli and had been a member of the Palestine Police, was charged with espionage and complicity in the Ben Yehuda Street bombing. On 6 October, he was found guilty of three charges of espionage and sentenced to seven years in prison. The verdict rested on his possession of a radio with which he had been communicating with the British Consul in the Old City.〔The Scotsman, 17, 19 August, 16, 30 September, 9 October 1948.〕 In November 1948, he was acquitted by the Israeli Supreme Court and released.〔(Israeli Supreme Court Acquits Briton of Espionage; Case Against Sternists Ready )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Meir Tobianski」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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